Dystonia Treatment

It is a movement disorder that is marked by the involuntary contraction of muscles, which leads to repeated twisting movement. It is not very common and presents with varied clinical manifestations. Dystonia can affect people of any age group, including young children. Dystonia is progressive in nature, which means that it tends to aggravate with time. Surgical management of dystonia is possible with deep brain stimulation, which is usually recommended when the patient is not responding to medication and therapy.

What causes Dystonia?
The underlying cause of dystonia is not known, however, it is triggered by the abnormal functioning of the basal ganglia, which regulates movement coordination, speed, and fluidity. It can either be inherited, as well as acquired. Dystonia, itself can be an indication of some other health problem, such as:

Parkinson’s disease
Huntington's disease
Brain Trauma
Wilson’s disease
Stroke
Brain Tumour

What are the different types of Dystonia?
Dystonia can be classified into several different types, which include:

Generalized dystonia, which affects almost all parts of the body
Focal dystonia, which is localized and affects only a specific area
Multifocal dystonia, which involves more than one area of the body
Segmental dystonia, which involves two adjacent areas of the body
Hemidystonia, which involves both limbs of one side of the body.

What are the indications of Dystonia?
Various indications, that point towards the possibility of one having dystonia include:

Muscle spasms that are initially localized and may gradually spread to other parts of the body
Muscle spasms that are experienced while being involved in a specific activity
Muscle spasms that aggravate with stress
Involuntary twisting of the head, which is often accompanied by pain
Rapid, uncontrollable blinking of eyes
Problems with speech, chewing and swallowing

When is the right time to see a doctor?
You should see a doctor as soon as you start experiencing any of the above-mentioned symptoms. These do not necessarily mean that you have dystonia and any conclusion can be reached only after thorough evaluation and assessment.

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